IMT 2000 models Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian Environment

This environment is characterized by small cells and low transmits power.

This environment is characterized by small cells and low transmits power. Base stations with low antenna heights are located outdoors. Pedestrian users are located on streets and inside buildings. Coverage into buildings in high power systems is included in the vehicular environment. RMS delay spread varies from 100 to 1800 ns. A geometric path-loss rule of d-4 is applicable. If the path is a line of sight on a canyon-like street, the path loss follows a rule of d-2, where there is Fresnel zone clearance. For the region with longer Fresnel zone clearance, a path loss rule of d-4 is appropriate, but a range of up to d-6 may be encountered due to trees and other obstructions along the path. Lognormal shadow fading with a standard deviation of 10 dB is reasonable for outdoors and 12 dB for indoors. Average building penetration loss of 18 dB with a standard deviation of 10 dB is appropriate. Rayleigh and/or Rician fading rates are generally set by walking speeds, but faster fading due to reflections from moving vehicles may occur sometimes.