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PMSM HDL

Three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with sinusoidal back electromotive force

Since R2022b

Libraries:
Motor Control Blockset HDL Support / Electrical Systems / Motors

Description

The PMSM HDL block implements a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a sinusoidal back-electromotive force. The block uses three-phase input voltages to regulate the individual phase currents, thereby controlling the motor torque or speed.

The block generates code for fixed-step double- and single-precision targets using the Sample Time (s) parameter. It supports code generation for FPGA deployment and generates HDL-compatible code.

You can specify the PMSM parameters and operating mode using the Config input port. You can also use the PMSM Configuration block to generate the required configuration signal to specify at the Config input port.

Motor Construction

These diagrams show the interior and surface-mount PMSM construction with a single-pole pair on the motor.

The motor magnetic field due to the permanent magnets creates a sinusoidal rate of change of flux with the motor angle.

For the axes convention, the phase-a aligns with d-axis when the motor angle θr is zero.

Three-Phase Sinusoidal Model Electrical System

The block implements these equations expressed in the motor flux reference frame (dq frame). All quantities in the motor reference frame are referred to as the stator.

ωe=Pωmddtid=1LdvdRLdid+LqLdPωmiq

ddtiq=1LqvqRLqiqLdLqPωmidλpmPωmLq

Te=1.5P[λpmiq+(LdLq)idiq]

The Lq and Ld inductances represent the relation between the phase inductance and the motor position due to the saliency of the motor magnets. For a surface mount PMSM, Ld=Lq.

The equations use these variables.

Lq, Ld

q- and d-axis inductances (H)

R

Resistance of the stator windings (ohm)

iq, id

q- and d-axis currents (A)

vq, vd

q- and d-axis voltages (V)

ωm

Angular mechanical velocity of the motor (rad/s)

ωe

Angular electrical velocity of the motor (rad/s)

λpm

Permanent magnet flux linkage (Wb)

Ke

Back electromotive force (EMF) (Vpk_LL/krpm, where Vpk_LL is the peak voltage line-to-line measurement)

Kt

Torque constant (N·m/A)

P

Number of pole pairs

Te

Electromagnetic torque (Nm)

Θe

Electrical angle (rad)

Mechanical System

The motor angular velocity is given by:

ddtωm=1J(TeTfFωmTm)dθmdt=ωm

The equations use these variables.

J

Combined inertia of motor and load (kgm^2)

F

Combined viscous friction of motor and load (N·m/(rad/s))

θm

Motor mechanical angular position (rad)

Tm

Motor shaft torque (Nm)

Te

Electromagnetic torque (Nm)

Tf

Motor shaft static friction torque (Nm)

ωm

Angular mechanical velocity of the motor (rad/s)

Power Accounting

For motor power accounting, the block implements these equations.

Bus Signal DescriptionVariableEquations

PwrInfo

PwrTrnsfrd — Power transferred between blocks

  • Positive signals indicate flow into block

  • Negative signals indicate flow out of block

PwrMtr

Mechanical power

Pmot

Pmot= ωmTe
PwrBus

Electrical power

Pbus

Pbus= vania+ vbnib+vcnic

PwrNotTrnsfrd — Power crossing the block boundary, but not transferred

  • Positive signals indicate an input

  • Negative signals indicate a loss

PwrElecLoss

Resistive power loss

Pelec

Pelec= 32(Rsisd2+Rsisq2)
PwrMechLoss

Mechanical power loss

Pmech

When Port Configuration is set to Torque:

Pmech= (ωm2F+ |ωm|Tf)

When Port Configuration is set to Speed:

Pmech= 0 

PwrStored — Stored energy rate of change

  • Positive signals indicate an increase

  • Negative signals indicate a decrease

PwrMtrStored

Stored motor power

Pstr

Pstr= Pbus+ Pmot+ Pelec + Pmech

The equations use these variables.

Rs

Stator resistance (ohm)

ia, ib, ic

Stator phase a, b, and c current (A)

isq, isd

Stator q- and d-axis currents (A)

van, vbn, vcn

Stator phase a, b, and c voltage (V)

ωm

Angular mechanical velocity of the motor (rad/s)

F

Combined motor and load viscous damping N·m/(rad/s)

Te

Electromagnetic torque (Nm)

Tf

Combined motor and load friction torque (Nm)

Ports

Input

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Configuration signal for the PMSM HDL block containing the block configuration parameters. For more information about the constituent parameters, see the Config output of the PMSM Configuration block.

Data Types: single

Stator terminal voltages Va, Vb, and Vc, in V.

Data Types: single

Based on the mode of operation defined by the Port Configuration parameter available in the multiplexed Config input, the port supports one of these inputs:

  • Tm — Load torque on the motor shaft, in N·m.

  • ωm — Angular velocity of the motor, in rad/s.

Data Types: single

Reset bus signal that the block uses to reset the internal integrators.

Data Types: Boolean

Output

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The bus signal contains these block calculations.

Signal DescriptionVariableUnits

IaStator

Stator phase current A

ia

A

IbStator

Stator phase current B

ib

A

IcStator

Stator phase current C

ic

A

IdSync

Direct axis current

id

A

IqSync

Quadrature axis current

iq

A

VdSync

Direct axis voltage

vd

V

VqSync

Quadrature axis voltage

vq

V

MtrSpd

Angular mechanical velocity of the motor

ωm

rad/s

MtrPos

Motor mechanical angular position

θm

rad

MtrTrq

Electromagnetic torque

Te

N·m

PwrInfo

PwrTrnsfrd

PwrMtr

Mechanical power

Pmot

W
PwrBus

Electrical power

Pbus

W

PwrNotTrnsfrd

PwrElecLoss

Resistive power loss

Pelec

W
PwrMechLoss

Mechanical power loss

Pmech

W

PwrStored

PwrMtrStored

Stored motor power

Pstr

W

Current for phase a, b, and c, ia, ib, and ic, respectively, in A.

Motor torque, Tmtr, in N·m.

Angular speed of the motor, ωmtr, in rad/s.

Electrical position of the motor, θe, in rad.

Data Types: single

Parameters

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The fixed time interval (in seconds) between consecutive instances of block execution. Alternatively, you can use -1, to inherit the sample time from the input signals.

Extended Capabilities

Version History

Introduced in R2022b