Monopulse Estimator

Estimate target direction from sum and difference channels

• 

Libraries:
Phased Array System Toolbox / Direction of Arrival

Description

The Monopulse Estimator estimates the direction of arrival of a narrowband signal based on an initial guess by applying amplitude monopulse processing on sum and difference channel signals received by an array. You can create these channels using the Monopulse Feed block.

Ports

Input

SIGMA — Sum-channel signal

complex-valued N-by-1 column vector

Sum-channel signal, specified as a complex-valued N-by-1 column vector. N is the number of snapshots in the signal.

Data Types: double
Complex Number Support: Yes

DeltaAz — Azimuth difference-channel signal

complex-valued N-by-1 column vector

Azimuth difference-channel signal, specified as a complex-valued N-by-1 column vector. N is the number of snapshots in the signal.

Data Types: double
Complex Number Support: Yes

DeltaEl — Elevation difference-channel signal

complex-valued M-by-1

Elevation difference-channel signal, specified as a complex-valued N-by-1 column vector. N is the number of snapshots in the signal.

Dependencies

To enable this output port, set the Monopulse coverage parameter to 3D.

Data Types: double
Complex Number Support: Yes

STEER — Array steering direction

scalar | real-valued 2-by-1 column vector

Array steering direction, specified as a scalar or real-valued 2-by-1 column vector.

• When you set the Monopulse coverage parameter to Azimuth, the steering direction is a scalar and represents the azimuth steering angle.

• When you set the Monopulse coverage parameter to 3D, the steering direction vector has the form [azimuthAngle; elevationAngle], where azimuthAngle is the azimuth steering angle, and elevationAngle is the elevation steering angle.

Units are in degrees. Azimuth angles lie between –180° and 180°, inclusive, and elevation angles lie between –90° and 90°, inclusive.

Example: [40;10]

Data Types: double

Output

Az — Estimated azimuth direction of target

real-valued 1-by-N vector

Estimated azimuth direction of target, returned as a real-valued 1-by-N. The vector elements contain the estimated target direction azimuth angle at each signal snapshot. Units are in degrees.

Dependencies

To enable this output port, set the Monopulse coverage to Azimuth and the OutputFormat to Angle.

Data Types: double

dAz — Estimated offset of azimuth direction of target

real-valued 1-by-N vector

Estimated offset of azimuth direction of target, returned as a real-valued 1-by-N vector. The vector elements contain the offset of the estimated target direction azimuth angle from the azimuth steering direction at each signal snapshot. Units are in degrees.

Dependencies

To enable this output port, set the Monopulse coverage to Azimuth and the OutputFormat to Angle offset.

Data Types: double

AzEl — Estimated direction of target

real-valued 2-by-N matrix

Estimated direction of target, returned as a real-valued 2-by-N matrix. Each column contains the estimated target direction in the form [azimuthAngle; elevationAngle] ,where azimuthAngle is the estimated azimuth angle, and elevationAngle is estimated elevation angle. Units are in degrees.

Dependencies

To enable this output port, set the Monopulse coverage to 3D and the OutputFormat to Angle.

Data Types: double

dAzEl — Estimated offset of direction of target

real-valued 2-by-N matrix

Estimated offset of direction of target, returned as a real-valued 2-by-N matrix. The offset is the difference between the target direction and the steering vector. Each column contains the estimated offset of the target direction in the form [dazimuthAngle; delevationAngle], where dazimuthAngle is the estimated azimuth angle offset, and delevationAngle is estimated elevation angle offset. Units are in degrees.

Dependencies

To enable this output port, set the Monopulse coverage to 3D and the OutputFormat to Angle offset.

Data Types: double

AzRatio — Ratio of sum and azimuth difference channels

real-valued 1-by-N vector

Ratio of sum and azimuth difference channels, returned as a real-valued 1-by-N vector. The elements contain the ratio of the sum to azimuth difference channel at each signal snapshot.

Dependencies

To enable this output port, set the Monopulse coverage to Azimuth and select the Output sum difference ratio check box.

Data Types: double

AzElRatio — Ratio of sum channel to azimuth and elevation difference channels

real-valued 2-by-N matrix

Ratio of sum and azimuth and elevation difference channels, returned as a real-valued 2-by-N matrix. The elements of the first row contain the ratio of the sum to azimuth difference channel at each signal snapshot. The elements of the second row contain the ratio of the sum to elevation difference channel at each signal snapshot.

Dependencies

To enable this output port, set the Monopulse coverage to 3D and select the Output sum difference ratio check box.

Data Types: double

Parameters

Main Tab

Signal propagation speed (m/s) — Signal propagation speed

physconst('LightSpeed') (default) | real-valued positive scalar

Signal propagation speed, specified as a real-valued positive scalar. The default value of the speed of light is the value returned by physconst('LightSpeed'). Units are in meters per second.

Example: 3e8

Data Types: double

Operating frequency (Hz) — System operating frequency

3e8 (default) | positive real scalar

System operating frequency, specified as a positive scalar. Units are in Hz.

Monopulse coverage — Monopulse coverage directions

3D (default) | Azimuth

Monopulse coverage directions, specified as 3D or Azimuth. When you set this parameter to 3D, the monopulse estimator uses the sum channel and both azimuth and elevation difference channels. When you set this parameter to Azimuth, the monopulse estimator uses the sum channel and the azimuth difference channel.

Squint angle (degrees) — Squint angle

10 (default) | scalar | real-valued 2-by-1 vector

Squint angle, specified as a scalar or real-valued 2-by-1 vector. The squint angle is the separation angle between the sum beam and the beams along the azimuth and elevation directions.

• When you set the Monopulse coverage parameter to Azimuth, set the Squint angle parameter to a scalar.

• When you set the Monopulse coverage parameter to 3D, you can specify the squint angle as either a scalar or vector. If you set the Squint angle parameter to a scalar, the squint angle is the same along both the azimuth and elevation directions. If you set the Squint angle parameter to a 2-by-1 vector, its elements specify the squint angle along the azimuth and elevation directions.

Example: [20;5]

Output format — Output direction format

Angle (default) | Angle offset

Format of direction output, specified Angle or Angle offset. When you set this parameter to Angle, the output port is labeled AzEl or Az and is the actual direction of the target. When you set this property to Angle offset, the output port is labeled dAzEl or dAz and is the angle offset of the target from the array steering direction.

Output sum difference ratio — Enable sum-difference ratio output port

off (default) | on

Select this check box to output the ratio of the sum and difference channels in the azimuth and elevation directions. When you set the Monopulse coverage to Azimuth, the block outputs the sum-azimuth difference ratio using the AzRatio port. When you set the Monopulse coverage to 3D, the block outputs the sum-azimuth difference and sum-elevation difference channels ratio using the AzElRatio port.

Generate Monopulse Feed — Create monopulse feed block

button

Click this button to create a Monopulse Feed block based on the parameters in this block.

Simulate using — Block simulation method

Interpreted Execution (default) | Code Generation

Block simulation, specified as Interpreted Execution or Code Generation. If you want your block to use the MATLAB^® interpreter, choose Interpreted Execution. If you want your block to run as compiled code, choose Code Generation. Compiled code requires time to compile but usually runs faster.

Interpreted execution is useful when you are developing and tuning a model. The block runs the underlying System object™ in MATLAB. You can change and execute your model quickly. When you are satisfied with your results, you can then run the block using Code Generation. Long simulations run faster with generated code than in interpreted execution. You can run repeated executions without recompiling, but if you change any block parameters, then the block automatically recompiles before execution.

This table shows how the Simulate using parameter affects the overall simulation behavior.

When the Simulink^® model is in Accelerator mode, the block mode specified using Simulate using overrides the simulation mode.

Acceleration Modes

Block Simulation	Simulation Behavior
	Normal	Accelerator	Rapid Accelerator
Interpreted Execution	The block executes using the MATLAB interpreter.	The block executes using the MATLAB interpreter.	Creates a standalone executable from the model.
Code Generation	The block is compiled.	All blocks in the model are compiled.

For more information, see Choosing a Simulation Mode (Simulink).

Programmatic Use

Block Parameter:SimulateUsing

Type:enum

Values:Interpreted Execution, Code Generation

Default:Interpreted Execution

Sensor Arrays Tab

Specify sensor array as — Method to specify array

Array (no subarrays) (default) | Partitioned array | Replicated subarray | MATLAB expression

Method to specify array, specified as Array (no subarrays) or MATLAB expression.

• Array (no subarrays) — use the block parameters to specify the array.

• Partitioned array — use the block parameters to specify the array.

• Replicated subarray — use the block parameters to specify the array.

• MATLAB expression — create the array using a MATLAB expression.

Expression — MATLAB expression used to create an array

Phased Array System Toolbox™ array System object

MATLAB expression used to create an array, specified as a valid Phased Array System Toolbox array System object.

Example: phased.URA('Size',[5,3])

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Specify sensor array as to MATLAB expression.

Element Parameters

Element type — Array element types

Isotropic Antenna (default) | Cosine Antenna | Custom Antenna | Omni Microphone | Custom Microphone

Antenna or microphone type, specified as one of the following:

• Isotropic Antenna

• Cosine Antenna

• Custom Antenna

• Omni Microphone

• Custom Microphone

Operating frequency range (Hz) — Operating frequency range of the antenna or microphone element

[0,1e20] (default) | real-valued 1-by-2 row vector

Specify the operating frequency range of the antenna or microphone element as a 1-by-2 row vector in the form [LowerBound,UpperBound]. The element has no response outside this frequency range. Frequency units are in Hz.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Isotropic Antenna, Cosine Antenna, or Omni Microphone.

Operating frequency vector (Hz) — Operating frequency range of custom antenna or microphone elements

[0,1e20] (default) | real-valued row vector

Specify the frequencies at which to set antenna and microphone frequency responses as a 1-by-L row vector of increasing real values. The antenna or microphone element has no response outside the frequency range specified by the minimum and maximum elements of this vector. Frequency units are in Hz.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone. Use Frequency responses (dB) to set the responses at these frequencies.

Baffle the back of the element — Set back response of an Isotropic Antenna element or an Omni Microphone element to zero

off (default) | on

Select this check box to baffle the back response of the element. When back baffled, the responses at all azimuth angles beyond ±90° from broadside are set to zero. The broadside direction is defined as 0° azimuth angle and 0° elevation angle.

Dependencies

To enable this check box, set Element type to Isotropic Antenna or Omni Microphone.

Exponent of cosine pattern — Exponents of azimuth and elevation cosine patterns

[1.5 1.5] (default) | nonnegative scalar | real-valued 1-by-2 matrix of nonnegative values

Specify the exponents of the cosine pattern as a nonnegative scalar or a real-valued 1-by-2 matrix of nonnegative values. When Exponent of cosine pattern is a 1-by-2 vector, the first element is the exponent in the azimuth direction and the second element is the exponent in the elevation direction. When you set this parameter to a scalar, both the azimuth direction and elevation direction cosine patterns are raised to the same power.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Cosine Antenna.

Frequency responses (dB) — Antenna and microphone frequency response

[0,0] (default) | real-valued row vector

Frequency response of a custom antenna or custom microphone for the frequencies defined by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter. The dimensions of Frequency responses (dB) must match the dimensions of the vector specified by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone.

Input Pattern Coordinate System — Coordinate system of custom antenna pattern

az-el (default) | phi-theta

Coordinate system of custom antenna pattern, specified az-el or phi-theta. When you specify az-el, use the Azimuth angles (deg) and Elevations angles (deg) parameters to specify the coordinates of the pattern points. When you specify phi-theta, use the Phi angles (deg) and Theta angles (deg) parameters to specify the coordinates of the pattern points.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Antenna.

Azimuth angles (deg) — Azimuth angles of antenna radiation pattern

[-180:180] (default) | real-valued row vector

Specify the azimuth angles at which to calculate the antenna radiation pattern as a 1-by-P row vector. P must be greater than 2. Azimuth angles must lie between –180° and 180°, inclusive, and be in strictly increasing order.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Elevation angles (deg) — Elevation angles of antenna radiation pattern

[-90:90] (default) | real-valued row vector

Specify the elevation angles at which to compute the radiation pattern as a 1-by-Q vector. Q must be greater than 2. Angle units are in degrees. Elevation angles must lie between –90° and 90°, inclusive, and be in strictly increasing order.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Phi Angles (deg) — Phi angle coordinates of custom antenna radiation pattern

0:360 | real-valued 1-by-P row vector

Phi angles of points at which to specify the antenna radiation pattern, specify as a real-valued 1-by-P row vector. P must be greater than 2. Angle units are in degrees. Phi angles must lie between 0° and 360° and be in strictly increasing order.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Theta Angles (deg) — Theta angle coordinates of custom antenna radiation pattern

0:180 | real-valued 1-by-Q row vector

Theta angles of points at which to specify the antenna radiation pattern, specify as a real-valued 1-by-Q row vector. Q must be greater than 2. Angle units are in degrees. Theta angles must lie between 0° and 360° and be in strictly increasing order.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Magnitude pattern (dB) — Magnitude of combined antenna radiation pattern

zeros(181,361) (default) | real-valued Q-by-P matrix | real-valued Q-by-P-by-L array

Magnitude of the combined antenna radiation pattern, specified as a Q-by-P matrix or a Q-by-P-by-L array.

• When the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to az-el, Q equals the length of the vector specified by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter and P equals the length of the vector specified by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.

• When the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to phi-theta, Q equals the length of the vector specified by the Theta Angles (deg) parameter and P equals the length of the vector specified by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

The quantity L equals the length of the Operating frequency vector (Hz).

• If this parameter is a Q-by-P matrix, the same pattern is applied to all frequencies specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

• If the value is a Q-by-P-by-L array, each Q-by-P page of the array specifies a pattern for the corresponding frequency specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Antenna.

Phase pattern (deg) — Custom antenna radiation phase pattern

zeros(181,361) (default) | real-valued Q-by-P matrix | real-valued Q-by-P-by-L array

Phase of the combined antenna radiation pattern, specified as a Q-by-P matrix or a Q-by-P-by-L array.

• When the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to az-el, Q equals the length of the vector specified by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter and P equals the length of the vector specified by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.

• When the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to phi-theta, Q equals the length of the vector specified by the Theta Angles (deg) parameter and P equals the length of the vector specified by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

The quantity L equals the length of the Operating frequency vector (Hz).

• If this parameter is a Q-by-P matrix, the same pattern is applied to all frequencies specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

• If the value is a Q-by-P-by-L array, each Q-by-P page of the array specifies a pattern for the corresponding frequency specified in the Operating frequency vector (

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Antenna.

MatchArrayNormal — Rotate antenna element to array normal

on (default) | off

Select this check box to rotate the antenna element pattern to align with the array normal. When not selected, the element pattern is not rotated.

When the antenna is used in an antenna array and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is az-el, selecting this check box rotates the pattern so that the x-axis of the element coordinate system points along the array normal. Not selecting uses the element pattern without the rotation.

When the antenna is used in an antenna array and Input Pattern Coordinate System is set to phi-theta, selecting this check box rotates the pattern so that the z-axis of the element coordinate system points along the array normal.

Use the parameter in conjunction with the Array normal parameter of the URA and UCA arrays.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Antenna.

Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) — Polar pattern microphone response frequencies

1e3 (default) | real scalar | real-valued 1-by-L row vector

Polar pattern microphone response frequencies, specified as a real scalar, or a real-valued, 1-by-L vector. The response frequencies lie within the frequency range specified by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) vector.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type set to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern angles (deg) — Polar pattern response angles

[-180:180] (default) | real-valued -by-P row vector

Specify the polar pattern response angles, as a 1-by-P vector. The angles are measured from the central pickup axis of the microphone and must be between –180° and 180°, inclusive.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern (dB) — Custom microphone polar response

zeros(1,361) (default) | real-valued L-by-P matrix

Specify the magnitude of the custom microphone element polar patterns as an L-by-P matrix. L is the number of frequencies specified in Polar pattern frequencies (Hz). P is the number of angles specified in Polar pattern angles (deg). Each row of the matrix represents the magnitude of the polar pattern measured at the corresponding frequency specified in Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) and all angles specified in Polar pattern angles (deg). The pattern is measured in the azimuth plane. In the azimuth plane, the elevation angle is 0° and the central pickup axis is 0° degrees azimuth and 0° degrees elevation. The polar pattern is symmetric around the central axis. You can construct the microphone response pattern in 3-D space from the polar pattern.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Element type to Custom Microphone.

Array Parameters

Geometry — Array geometry

ULA (default) | URA | UCA | Conformal Array

Array geometry, specified as one of

• ULA — Uniform linear array

• URA — Uniform rectangular array

• UCA — Uniform circular array

• Conformal Array — arbitrary element positions

Number of elements — Number of array elements

2 for ULA arrays and 5 for UCA arrays (default) | integer greater than or equal to 2

The number of array elements for ULA or UCA arrays, specified as an integer greater than or equal to 2.

When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to ULA or UCA.

Element spacing (m) — Spacing between array elements

0.5 for ULA arrays and [0.5,0.5] for URA arrays (default) | positive scalar for ULA or URA arrays | 2-element vector of positive values for URA arrays

Spacing between adjacent array elements:

• ULA — specify the spacing between two adjacent elements in the array as a positive scalar.

• URA — specify the spacing as a positive scalar or a 1-by-2 vector of positive values. If Element spacing (m) is a scalar, the row and column spacings are equal. If Element spacing (m) is a vector, the vector has the form [SpacingBetweenArrayRows,SpacingBetweenArrayColumns].

• When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to ULA or URA.

Array axis — Linear axis direction of ULA

y (default) | x | z

Linear axis direction of ULA, specified as y, x, or z. All ULA array elements are uniformly spaced along this axis in the local array coordinate system.

Dependencies

• To enable this parameter, set Geometry to ULA.

• This parameter is also enabled when the block only supports ULA arrays.

Array size — Dimensions of URA array

[2,2] (default) | positive integer | 1-by-2 vector of positive integers

Dimensions of a URA array, specified as a positive integer or 1-by-2 vector of positive integers.

• If Array size is a 1-by-2 vector, the vector has the form [NumberOfArrayRows,NumberOfArrayColumns].

• If Array size is an integer, the array has the same number of rows and columns.

• When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

For a URA, array elements are indexed from top to bottom along the leftmost column, and then continue to the next columns from left to right. In this figure, the Array size value of [3,2] creates an array having three rows and two columns.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to URA.

Element lattice — Lattice of URA element positions

Rectangular (default) | Triangular

Lattice of URA element positions, specified as Rectangular or Triangular.

• Rectangular — Aligns all the elements in row and column directions.

• Triangular — Shifts the even-row elements of a rectangular lattice toward the positive row-axis direction. The displacement is one-half the element spacing along the row dimension.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to URA.

Array normal — Array normal direction

x for URA arrays or z for UCA arrays (default) | y

Array normal direction, specified as x, y, or z.

Elements of planar arrays lie in a plane orthogonal to the selected array normal direction. Element boresight directions point along the array normal direction.

Array Normal Parameter Value	Element Positions and Boresight Directions
x	Array elements lie in the yz-plane. All element boresight vectors point along the x-axis.
y	Array elements lie in the zx-plane. All element boresight vectors point along the y-axis.
z	Array elements lie in the xy-plane. All element boresight vectors point along the z-axis.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to URA or UCA.

Radius of UCA (m) — UCA array radius

0.5 (default) | positive scalar

Radius of UCA array, specified as a positive scalar.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to UCA.

Element positions (m) — Positions of conformal array elements

[0;0;0] (default) | 3-by-Nmatrix of real values

Positions of the elements in a conformal array, specified as a 3-by-N matrix of real values, where N is the number of elements in the conformal array. Each column of this matrix represents the position [x;y;z]of an array element in the array local coordinate system. The origin of the local coordinate system is (0,0,0). Units are in meters.

When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter set Geometry to Conformal Array.

Element normals (deg) — Direction of conformal array element normal vectors

[0;0] | 2-by-1 column vector | 2-by-N matrix

Direction of element normal vectors in a conformal array, specified as a 2-by-1 column vector or a 2-by-N matrix. N indicates the number of elements in the array. For a matrix, each column specifies the normal direction of the corresponding element in the form [azimuth;elevation] with respect to the local coordinate system. The local coordinate system aligns the positive x-axis with the direction normal to the conformal array. If the parameter value is a 2-by-1 column vector, the same pointing direction is used for all array elements.

When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

You can use the Element positions (m) and Element normals (deg) parameters to represent any arrangement in which pairs of elements differ by certain transformations. The transformations can combine translation, azimuth rotation, and elevation rotation. However, you cannot use transformations that require rotation about the normal direction.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Geometry to Conformal Array.

Taper — Array element tapers

1 (default) | complex-valued scalar | complex-valued row vector

Element tapering, specified as a complex-valued scalar or a complex-valued 1-by-N row vector. In this vector, N represents the number of elements in the array.

Also known as element weights, tapers multiply the array element responses. Tapers modify both amplitude and phase of the response to reduce side lobes or steer the main response axis.

If Taper is a scalar, the same weight is applied to each element. If Taper is a vector, a weight from the vector is applied to the corresponding sensor element. The number of weights must match the number of elements of the array.

When you set Specify sensor array as to Replicated subarray, this parameter applies to each subarray.

Subarray definition matrix — Define elements belonging to subarrays

logical matrix

Specify the subarray selection as an M-by-N matrix. M is the number of subarrays and N is the total number of elements in the array. Each row of the matrix represents a subarray and each entry in the row indicates when an element belongs to the subarray. When the entry is zero, the element does not belong the subarray. A nonzero entry represents a complex-valued weight applied to the corresponding element. Each row must contain at least one nonzero entry.

The phase center of each subarray lies at the subarray geometric center. The subarray geometric center depends on the Subarray definition matrix and Geometry parameters.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Specify sensor array as to Partitioned array.

Subarray steering method — Specify subarray steering method

None (default) | Phase | Time

Subarray steering method, specified as one of

• None

• Phase

• Time

• Custom

Selecting Phase or Time opens the Steer input port on the Narrowband Receive Array, Narrowband Transmit Array, Wideband Receive Array, Wideband Transmit Array blocks, Constant Gamma Clutter, and GPU Constant Gamma Clutter blocks.

Selecting Custom opens the WS input port on the Narrowband Receive Array, Narrowband Transmit Array, Wideband Receive Array, Wideband Transmit Array blocks, Constant Gamma Clutter, and GPU Constant Gamma Clutter blocks.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Specify sensor array as to Partitioned array or Replicated subarray.

Phase shifter frequency (Hz) — Subarray phase shifting frequency

3.0e8 (default) | positive real-valued scalar

Operating frequency of subarray steering phase shifters, specified as a positive real-valued scalar. Units are Hz.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Partitioned array or Replicated subarray and set Subarray steering method to Phase.

Number of bits in phase shifters — Subarray steering phase shift quantization bits

0 (default) | non-negative integer

Subarray steering phase shift quantization bits, specified as a non-negative integer. A value of zero indicates that no quantization is performed.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Partitioned array or Replicated subarray and set Subarray steering method to Phase.

Subarrays layout — Subarray position specification

Rectangular (default) | Custom

Specify the layout of replicated subarrays as Rectangular or Custom.

• When you set this parameter to Rectangular, use the Grid size and Grid spacing parameters to place the subarrays.

• When you set this parameter to Custom, use the Subarray positions (m) and Subarray normals parameters to place the subarrays.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Replicated subarray

Grid size — Dimensions of rectangular subarray grid

[1,2] (default)

Rectangular subarray grid size, specified as a single positive integer, or a 1-by-2 row vector of positive integers.

If Grid size is an integer scalar, the array has an equal number of subarrays in each row and column. If Grid size is a 1-by-2 vector of the form [NumberOfRows, NumberOfColumns], the first entry is the number of subarrays along each column. The second entry is the number of subarrays in each row. A row is along the local y-axis, and a column is along the local z-axis. The figure here shows how you can replicate a 3-by-2 URA subarray using a Grid size of [1,2].

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Replicated subarray and Subarrays layout to Rectangular.

Grid spacing (m) — Spacing between subarrays on rectangular grid

Auto (default) | positive real-valued scalar | 1-by-2 vector of positive real-values

The rectangular grid spacing of subarrays, specified as a positive, real-valued scalar, a 1-by-2 row vector of positive, real-values, or Auto. Units are in meters.

• If Grid spacing is a scalar, the spacing along the row and the spacing along the column is the same.

• If Grid spacing is a 1-by-2 row vector, the vector has the form [SpacingBetweenRows,SpacingBetweenColumn]. The first entry specifies the spacing between rows along a column. The second entry specifies the spacing between columns along a row.

• If Grid spacing is set to Auto, replication preserves the element spacing of the subarray for both rows and columns while building the full array. This option is available only when you specify Geometry as ULA or URA.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Replicated subarray and Subarrays layout to Rectangular.

Subarray positions (m) — Positions of subarrays

[0,0;0.5,0.5;0,0] (default) | 3-by-N real-valued matrix

Positions of the subarrays in the custom grid, specified as a real 3-by-N matrix, where N is the number of subarrays in the array. Each column of the matrix represents the position of a single subarray in the array local coordinate system. The coordinates are expressed in the form [x; y; z]. Units are in meters.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Sensor array to Replicated subarray and Subarrays layout to Custom.

Subarray normals — Direction of subarray normal vectors

[0,0;0,0] (default) | 2-by-N real matrix

Specify the normal directions of the subarrays in the array. This parameter value is a 2-by-N matrix, where N is the number of subarrays in the array. Each column of the matrix specifies the normal direction of the corresponding subarray, in the form [azimuth;elevation]. Angle units are in degrees. Angles are defined with respect to the local coordinate system.

You can use the Subarray positions and Subarray normals parameters to represent any arrangement in which pairs of subarrays differ by certain transformations. The transformations can combine translation, azimuth rotation, and elevation rotation. However, you cannot use transformations that require rotation about the normal.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Sensor array parameter to Replicated subarray and the Subarrays layout to Custom.

Version History

Introduced in R2018b