Multi-Winding Transformer

Implement multi-winding transformer with taps

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Libraries:
Simscape / Electrical / Specialized Power Systems / Power Grid Elements

Description

The Multi-Winding Transformer block implements a transformer where the number of windings can be specified for both the primary (left side windings) and the secondary (right side windings).

The equivalent circuit of the Multi-Winding Transformer block is similar to the one of the Linear Transformer blocks and the saturation characteristic of the core can be specified or not. See the Saturable Transformer block reference pages for more details on how the saturation and the hysteresis characteristic are implemented.

The equivalent circuit of a Multi-Windings Transformer block with two primary windings and three secondary windings is shown in the next figure.

You can add equally spaced taps to the first primary winding (the upper-left winding) or to the first secondary winding (the upper-right winding). The equivalent circuit of a Multi-Winding Transformer block with one primary winding and eight taps on the first of the two secondary windings is shown in the next figure.

The winding terminals are identified by the corresponding winding number. The first winding is the first one on the primary side (upper-left side) and the last winding is the last one on the secondary side (bottom-right side). The polarities of the windings are defined by a plus sign.

The tap terminals are identified by their winding number followed by a dot character and the tap number. Taps are equally spaced so that voltage appearing at no load between two consecutive taps is equal to the total voltage of the winding divided by (number of taps +1). The total winding resistance and leakage inductance of a tapped winding is equally distributed along the taps.

The OLTC Regulating Transformer Phasor Model example uses three Multi-Winding Transformer blocks to implement a three-phase On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) transformer.

Ports

Conserving

1+ — Primary winding positive polarity

specialized electrical

Specialized electrical conserving port associated with the primary winding positive polarity.

1 — Primary winding negative polarity

specialized electrical

Specialized electrical conserving port associated with the primary winding negative polarity.

2+ — Secondary winding positive polarity

specialized electrical

Specialized electrical conserving port associated with the secondary winding positive polarity.

2 — Secondary winding negative polarity

specialized electrical

Specialized electrical conserving port associated with the secondary winding negative polarity.

n+... — n^th winding positive polarity

specialized electrical

Specialized electrical conserving port associated with the n^th winding positive polarity.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Number of windings on the left side or Number of windings on the right side parameters to a value larger than 1.

n... — n^th winding negative polarity

specialized electrical

Specialized electrical conserving port associated with the n^th winding negative polarity.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Number of windings on the left side or Number of windings on the right side parameters to a value larger than 1.

m.1... — Tap on m^th winding

specialized electrical

Specialized electrical conserving port associated with a tap on the n^th winding. The label of these ports depend on the value of the Tapped winding and Number of taps (equally spaced) parameters.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Number of windings on the left side or Number of windings on the right side parameters to a value larger than 1.

Parameters

Configuration Tab

Number of windings on left side — Number of windings on transformer primary side

1 (default) | positive integer

Specifies the number of windings on the primary side (left side) of the transformer.

Number of windings on right side — Number of windings on transformer secondary side

3 (default) | positive integer

Specifies the number of windings on the secondary side (right side) of the transformer.

Tapped winding — Specify which winding to tap

no taps (default) | taps on upper left winding | taps on upper right winding

Select no taps if you don't want to add taps to the transformer. Select taps on upper left winding to add taps to the first winding on the primary side of the transformer. Select taps on upper right winding to add taps to the secondary winding on the right side of the transformer. The number of taps is specified by the Number of taps (equally spaced) parameter.

Number of taps (equally spaced) — Number of taps on tapped winding

2 (default) | positive integer

If theTapped winding parameter is set to taps on upper left winding, you specify the number of taps to add to the first winding on the left side.

If theTapped winding parameter is set to taps on upper right winding, you specify the number of taps to add to the first winding on the right side.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Tapped winding to a value other than no taps.

Saturable core — Option to model saturable transformer

off (default) | on

If selected, implements a saturable transformer. See also the Saturation characteristic parameter on the Parameters tab.

Simulate hysteresis — Whether to model hysteresis

off (default) | on

Select to model hysteresis saturation characteristic instead of a single-valued saturation curve.

Hysteresis Mat file — Specify file for hysteresis

'hysteresis.mat' (default) | string

Specify a .mat file containing the data to be used for the hysteresis model. When you open the Hysteresis Design Tool of the Powergui, the default hysteresis loop and parameters saved in the hysteresis.mat file are displayed. Use the Load button of the Hysteresis Design tool to load another .mat file. Use the Save button of the Hysteresis Design tool to save your model in a new .mat file.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, select Simulate hysteresis.

Measurements — Specify what to measure

None (default) | Winding voltages | Winding currents | Flux and excitation current (Im + IRm) | Flux and magnetization current (Im) | All measurement (V, I, Flux)

Select Winding voltages to measure the voltage across the winding terminals of the Saturable Transformer block.

Select Winding currents to measure the current flowing through the windings of the Saturable Transformer block.

Select Flux and excitation current (Im + IRm) to measure the flux linkage, in volt seconds (V.s), and the total excitation current including iron losses modeled by Rm.

Select Flux and magnetization current (Im) to measure the flux linkage, in volt seconds (V.s), and the magnetization current, in amperes (A), not including iron losses modeled by Rm.

Select All measurement (V, I, Flux) to measure the winding voltages, currents, magnetization currents, and the flux linkage.

Place a Multimeter block in your model to display the selected measurements during the simulation.

In the Available Measurements list box of the Multimeter block, the measurements are identified by a label followed by the block name.

Measurement	Label
Winding voltages	Uw1:
Winding currents	Iw1:
Excitation current	Iexc:
Magnetization current	Imag:
Flux linkage	Flux:

Dependencies

Parameters Tab

Units — Units

pu (default) | SI

Specify the units used to enter the parameters of the block.

Set to pu to use per unit.

Set to SI to use SI units.

Changing the Units parameter from pu to SI or from SI to pu automatically converts the parameters displayed in the mask of the block. The per unit conversion is based on the transformer rated power Pn in VA, nominal frequency fn in Hz, and nominal voltage Vn in Vrms, of the windings.

Nominal power and frequency [Pn(VA) fn(Hz)] — Nominal power and frequency

[75e3 60] (default)

The nominal power rating Pn in VA and frequency fn in Hz, of the transformer.

This parameter does not impact the transformer model when you set the Units parameter to SI.

Winding nominal voltages [U1 U2 ... Un] (Vrms) — Vector of winding voltage

[ 14400 120 120 120 ] (default) | vector

Specify a vector containing the nominal RMS voltages, in Vrms, of the windings on the left side, followed by the nominal RMS voltages of the windings on the right side. You don't have to specify the individual tap nominal voltages.

Dependencies

Winding resistances [R1 R2 ... Rn] (Ohm) — Vector of winding resistance values

[ 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005] (default) | [13.824 0.00096 0.00096 0.00096]

Specify a vector containing the resistance values of the windings on the left side, followed by the resistance values of the windings on the right side. You don't have to specify the individual tap resistances. Default is [ 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005] when the Units parameter is pu and [13.824 0.00096 0.00096 0.00096] when the Units parameter is SI.

Dependencies

Winding leakage inductances [L1 L2 ... Ln] (H) — Vector of winding inductance values

[ 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 ] (default) | [0.14668 1.0186e-05 1.0186e-05 1.0186e-05]

Specify a vector containing the leakage inductance values of the windings on the left side, followed by the leakage inductance values of windings on the right side. You don't have to specify the individual tap leakage inductances. Default is [ 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 ] when the Units parameter is pu and [0.14668 1.0186e-05 1.0186e-05 1.0186e-05] when the Units parameter is SI.

Dependencies

Magnetization resistance Rm (Ohm) — Magnetization resistance

50 (default) | 1.3824e+05

The magnetization resistance Rm, in ohms or in pu. Default is 50 when the Units parameter is pu and 1.3824e+05 when the Units parameter is SI.

Dependencies

Magnetization inductance Lm (H) — Magnetization inductance for nonsaturable core

50 (default) | 366.69

The magnetization inductance Lm, in Henry or in pu, for a nonsaturable core. Default is 50 when the Units parameter is pu and 366.69 when the Units parameter is SI.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, clear the Saturable core parameter.

Saturation characteristic [ i1(A) , phi1(V.s) ; i2 , phi2 ; ... ] — Saturation characteristic for saturable core

[ 0,0 ; 0.0024,1.2 ; 1.0,1.52 ] (default) | [0 0;0.017678 64.823;7.3657 82.109]

The saturation characteristic for the saturable core. Specify a series of current/ flux pairs (in pu) starting with the pair (0,0). Default is [ 0,0 ; 0.0024,1.2 ; 1.0,1.52 ] when the Units parameter is pu and [0 0;0.017678 64.823;7.3657 82.109] when the Units parameter is SI.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, select Saturable core.

Specify initial flux — Option to define the initial flux

off (default) | on

Select to define the initial flux with the Initial flux phi0 (pu) parameter.

When you clear this parameter, the block automatically computes the initial flux required to start the simulation in steady state. The computed value is saved in the Initial flux phi0 (pu) parameter and overwrites any previous value.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, select Saturable core.

Initial flux phi0 (V.s) — Initial flux of transformer

0 (default) | positive scalar

Initial flux of the transformer.

When you clear Specify initial flux parameter, the block automatically computes the initial flux required to start the simulation in steady state. The computed value is saved in the Initial flux phi0 (pu) parameter and overwrites any previous value.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, select Saturable core and Specify initial flux.

Advanced Tab

Break Algebraic loop in discrete saturation model — Option to break algebraic loop

off (default) | on

When selected, a delay is inserted at the output of the saturation model computing magnetization current as a function of flux linkage (the integral of input voltage computed by a trapezoidal method). This delay eliminates the algebraic loop resulting from trapezoidal discretization methods and speeds up the simulation of the model. However, the delay introduces a one simulation step time delay in the model and can cause numerical oscillations if the sample time is too large. The algebraic loop is required in most cases to get an accurate solution.

When cleared (default), the discretization method of the saturation model is specified by the Discrete solver model parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, add a powergui block to your model, set the Simulation type parameter of the powergui block to Discrete, and clear the Automatically handle discrete solver parameter of the powerguiblock. Also, in the Multi-Winding Transformer block, select Saturable core parameter.

Discrete solver model — Method to resolve algebraic loop

Trapezoidal iterative (default) | Trapezoidal robust | Backward Euler robust

Select one of these methods to resolve the algebraic loop.

• Trapezoidal iterative—Although this method produces correct results, it is not recommended because Simulink^® tends to slow down and may fail to converge (simulation stops), especially when the number of saturable transformers is increased. Also, because of the Simulink algebraic loop constraint, this method cannot be used in real time. In R2018b and previous releases, you used this method when the Break Algebraic loop in discrete saturation model parameter was cleared.

• Trapezoidal robust—This method is slightly more accurate than the Backward Euler robust method. However, it may produce slightly damped numerical oscillations on transformer voltages when the transformer is at no load.

• Backward Euler robust—This method provides good accuracy and prevents oscillations when the transformer is at no load.

The maximum number of iterations for the robust methods is specified in the Preferences tab of the powergui block, in the Solver details for nonlinear elements section. For real time applications, you may need to limit the number of iterations. Usually, limiting the number of iterations to 2 produces acceptable results. The two robust solvers are the recommended methods for discretizing the saturation model of the transformer.

For more information on what method to use in your application, see Simulating Discretized Electrical Systems.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, add a powergui block to your model, set the Simulation type parameter of the powergui block to Discrete, and clear the Automatically handle discrete solver parameter of the powerguiblock. Also, in the Multi-Winding Transformer block, select Saturable core and clear the Break Algebraic loop in discrete saturation model parameter.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a