initcvekf

Create constant-velocity extended Kalman filter from detection report

Syntax

filter = initcvekf(detection)

Description

filter = initcvekf(detection) creates and initializes a constant-velocity extended Kalman filter from information contained in a detection report. For more information, see Algorithms and trackingEKF.

Examples

Initialize 3-D Constant-Velocity Extended Kalman Filter

Create and initialize a 3-D constant-velocity extended Kalman filter object from an initial detection report.

Create the detection report from an initial 3-D measurement, (10,20,−5), of the object position.

detection = objectDetection(0,[10;20;-5],'MeasurementNoise',1.5*eye(3), ...
    'SensorIndex',1,'ObjectClassID',1,'ObjectAttributes',{'Sports Car',5});

Create the new filter from the detection report.

filter = initcvekf(detection)

filter = 
  trackingEKF with properties:

                          State: [6x1 double]
                StateCovariance: [6x6 double]

             StateTransitionFcn: @constvel
     StateTransitionJacobianFcn: @constveljac
                   ProcessNoise: [3x3 double]
        HasAdditiveProcessNoise: 0

                 MeasurementFcn: @cvmeas
         MeasurementJacobianFcn: @cvmeasjac
         HasMeasurementWrapping: 1
               MeasurementNoise: [3x3 double]
    HasAdditiveMeasurementNoise: 1

                MaxNumOOSMSteps: 0

                EnableSmoothing: 0

Show the filter state.

filter.State

ans = 6×1

    10
     0
    20
     0
    -5
     0

Show the state covariance.

filter.StateCovariance

ans = 6×6

    1.5000         0         0         0         0         0
         0  100.0000         0         0         0         0
         0         0    1.5000         0         0         0
         0         0         0  100.0000         0         0
         0         0         0         0    1.5000         0
         0         0         0         0         0  100.0000

Create 3-D Constant Velocity EKF from Spherical Measurement

Initialize a 3-D constant-velocity extended Kalman filter from an initial detection report made from a 3-D measurement in spherical coordinates. If you want to use spherical coordinates, then you must supply a measurement parameter structure as part of the detection report with the Frame field set to 'spherical'. Set the azimuth angle of the target to 45 degrees, the elevation to -10 degrees, the range to 1000 meters, and the range rate to -4.0 m/s.

frame = 'spherical';
sensorpos = [25,-40,0].';
sensorvel = [0;5;0];
laxes = eye(3);
measparms = struct('Frame',frame,'OriginPosition',sensorpos, ...
    'OriginVelocity',sensorvel,'Orientation',laxes,'HasVelocity',true, ...
    'HasElevation',true);
meas = [45;-10;1000;-4];
measnoise = diag([3.0,2.5,2,1.0].^2);
detection = objectDetection(0,meas,'MeasurementNoise', ...
    measnoise,'MeasurementParameters',measparms)

detection = 
  objectDetection with properties:

                     Time: 0
              Measurement: [4x1 double]
         MeasurementNoise: [4x4 double]
              SensorIndex: 1
            ObjectClassID: 0
    ObjectClassParameters: []
    MeasurementParameters: [1x1 struct]
         ObjectAttributes: {}

filter = initcvekf(detection);

Filter state vector.

disp(filter.State)

  721.3642
   -2.7855
  656.3642
    2.2145
 -173.6482
    0.6946

Input Arguments

detection — Detection report

objectDetection object

Detection report, specified as an objectDetection object.

Example: detection = objectDetection(0,[1;4.5;3],'MeasurementNoise', [1.0 0 0; 0 2.0 0; 0 0 1.5])

Output Arguments

filter — Extended Kalman filter

trackingEKF object

Extended Kalman filter, returned as a trackingEKF object.

Algorithms

• The function initializes a trackingEKF object with a constvel motion model and a cvmeas measurement model. The state of the filter is defined as [x; v_x; y; v_y; z; v_z], in which x, y, z are position coordinates and v_x, v_y, v_z are the corresponding velocities.

• The detection input can be an objectDetection object of Cartesian or spherical measurement:

  • For a Cartesian measurement,

    • By default, the function assumes the measurement is a 3-D position measurement ([x; y; z]). The function uses the measurement to initialize the position state of the filter and sets the velocity state as 0. Similarly, the function uses the position components of the measurement noise matrix in the detection as the position components of the state error covariance matrix and sets the velocity components of the state error covariance matrix as 100 m²/s².

    • You can also use a 6-D detection input ([x; y; z; v_x; v_y; v_z]) by specifying the MeasurementParameters property of the objectDetection object. Specify the HasVelocity field of the measurement parameter structure as true so that the initcvekf function can recognize the 6-D measurement. In this case, the state and state error covariance matrix of the filter are the same as the measurement and measurement noise matrix of the detection, respectively.

  • For a spherical measurement, you must specify the Frame field in the MeasurementParameters property of the objectDetection object as "Spherical". Also, use the MeasurementParameters property to specify if the detection has azimuth, elevation, range, and range rate. A full spherical measurement has four elements [az, el, r, rr], representing azimuth in degrees, elevation in degrees, range in meters, and range-rate in meters per second, respectively. Some of the four elements can be missing.

    • If the detection has elevation, the function uses the elevation measurement and its covariance to construct the filter state and state error covariance after performing coordinate transformation from the spherical frame to the Cartesian frame. Without elevation, the function sets the elevation as 0 and set its covariance as 180²/12 deg² before performing the coordinate transformation.

    • If the detection has range-rate, the function uses the range-rate measurement and its covariance to construct the filter sate and state error covariance. The function also assumes the velocity covariance of the cross-range direction is 100 m²/s². Without range-rate, the function sets the velocity states of the filter as 0 and its corresponding covariances as 100 m²/s².

  • The function sets all the cross-components (for example between position and velocity) of the state error covariance matrix as 0.

  • You can use other fields of the MeasurementParameters property of an objectDetection object, such as OriginPosition and OriginaVelocity, to further specify the measurement coordinates.

• The function models the process noise as non-additive and computes the process noise matrix assuming an acceleration standard deviation of 1 m/s².

• The measurement noise matrix in the initialized filter is the same as that in the detection.

• You can use this function as the FilterInitializationFcn property of a multiObjectTracker object.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Version History

Introduced in R2017a