# rfckt.cpw

Coplanar waveguide transmission line

## Description

Use the cpw object to represent coplanar waveguide transmission lines that are characterized by line dimensions, stub type, and termination.

A coplanar waveguide transmission line is shown in cross-section in the following figure. Its physical characteristics include the conductor width (w), the conductor thickness (t), the slot width (s), the substrate height (d), and the permittivity constant (ε).

## Creation

### Description

example

h = rfckt.cpw returns a coplanar waveguide transmission line object whose properties are set to their default values.

h = rfckt.cpw(Name,Value) sets properties using one or more name-value pairs. For example, rfckt.cpw('ConductorWidth',0.3) creates an RF coplanar waveguide transmission line with a width of 0.3 meters. You can specify multiple name-value pairs. Enclose each property name in a quote. Properties not specified retain their default values.

## Properties

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Computed S-parameters, noise figure, OIP3, and group delay values, specified as an rfdata.data object. For more information refer, Algorithms.

Data Types: function_handle

Physical width of conductor, specified as a scalar in meters. By default, the value is 0.6e-4.

Data Types: double

Relative permittivity of dielectric, specified as a scalar. The relative permittivity is the ratio of permittivity of the dielectric,$\epsilon$, to the permittivity in free space, ${\epsilon }_{0}$. By default, the value is 9.8.

Data Types: double

Dielectric thickness or physical height of the conductor, specified as a scalar in meters. The default value is 0.635e-4.

Data Types: double

Physical length of transmission, specified as a scalar in meters. The default value is 0.01.

Data Types: double

Loss angle tangent of dielectric, specified as a scalar. The default value is 0.

Data Types: double

Name of coplanar waveguide transmission line object, specified as a 1-by-N character array.

Data Types: char

Number of ports, specified as a positive integer.

Data Types: double

Conductor conductivity, specified as a scalar in Siemens per meter (S/m). The default value is Inf.

Data Types: double

Type of stub, specified as one of the following values: 'NotaStub', 'Series', 'Shunt'.

Data Types: double

Physical width of slot, specified as a scalar in meters. The default value is 0.2e-4.

Data Types: double

Stub transmission line termination, specified as one of the following values: 'NotApplicable', 'Open', 'Short'.

Data Types: double

Physical thickness of conductor, specified as a scalar in meters. The default value is 0.005e-6.

Data Types: double

## Object Functions

 analyze Analyze RFCKT object in frequency domain calculate Calculate specified parameters for rfckt objects or rfdata objects circle Draw circles on Smith Chart extract Extract specified network parameters from rfckt object or data object listformat List valid formats for specified circuit object parameter listparam List valid parameters for specified circuit object loglog Plot specified circuit object parameters using log-log scale plot Plot circuit object parameters on X-Y plane plotyy Plot parameters of RF circuit or RF data on X-Y plane with two Y-axes getop Display operating conditions polar Plot specified object parameters on polar coordinates semilogx Plot RF circuit object parameters using log scale for x-axis semilogy Plot RF circuit object parameters using log scale for y-axis smith Plot circuit object parameters on Smith chart write Write RF data from circuit or data object to file getz0 Calculate characteristic impedance of RFCKT transmission line object read Read RF data from file to new or existing circuit or data object restore Restore data to original frequencies getop Display operating conditions

## Examples

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Create a coplanar waveguide transmission line using rfckt.cpw.

tx=rfckt.cpw('Thickness',0.0075e-6)
tx =
rfckt.cpw with properties:

ConductorWidth: 6.0000e-04
SlotWidth: 2.0000e-04
Height: 6.3500e-04
Thickness: 7.5000e-09
EpsilonR: 9.8000
LossTangent: 0
SigmaCond: Inf
LineLength: 0.0100
StubMode: 'NotAStub'
Termination: 'NotApplicable'
nPort: 2
AnalyzedResult: []
Name: 'Coplanar Waveguide Transmission Line'

## Algorithms

The analyze method treats the transmission line as a 2-port linear network. It computes the AnalyzedResult property of a stub or as a stub less line using the data stored in the rfckt.cpw object properties as follows:

• If you model the transmission line as a stub less line, the analyze method first calculates the ABCD-parameters at each frequency contained in the modeling frequencies vector. It then uses the abcd2s function to convert the ABCD-parameters to S-parameters.

The analyze method calculates the ABCD-parameters using the physical length of the transmission line, d, and the complex propagation constant, k, using the following equations:

$\begin{array}{l}A=\frac{{e}^{kd}+{e}^{-kd}}{2}\\ B=\frac{{Z}_{0}*\left({e}^{kd}-{e}^{-kd}\right)}{2}\\ C=\frac{{e}^{kd}-{e}^{-kd}}{2*{Z}_{0}}\\ D=\frac{{e}^{kd}+{e}^{-kd}}{2}\end{array}$

Z0 and k are vectors whose elements correspond to the elements of f, the vector of frequencies specified in the analyze input argument freq. Both can be expressed in terms of the specified conductor strip width, slot width, substrate height, conductor strip thickness, relative permittivity constant, conductivity and dielectric loss tangent of the transmission line, as described in [1].

• If you model the transmission line as a shunt or series stub, the analyze method first calculates the ABCD-parameters at the specified frequencies. It then uses the abcd2s function to convert the ABCD-parameters to S-parameters.

When you set the StubMode property to 'Shunt', the 2-port network consists of a stub transmission line that you can terminate with either a short circuit or an open circuit as shown in the following figure.

Zin is the input impedance of the shunt circuit. The ABCD-parameters for the shunt stub are calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}A=1\\ B=0\\ C=1/{Z}_{in}\\ D=1\end{array}$

When you set the StubMode property to 'Series', the 2-port network consists of a series transmission line that you can terminate with either a short circuit or an open circuit as shown in the following figure.

Zin is the input impedance of the series circuit. The ABCD-parameters for the series stub are calculated as:

$\begin{array}{c}A=1\\ B={Z}_{in}\\ C=0\\ D=1\end{array}$

The analyze method uses the S-parameters to calculate the group delay values at the frequencies specified in the analyze input argument freq, as described in the analyze reference page.

## References

[1] Gupta, K. C., R. Garg, I. Bahl, and P. Bhartia, Microstrip Lines and Slotlines, 2nd Edition, Artech House, Inc., Norwood, MA, 1996.