Update: I tried something a bit different and would appreciate feedback on this. I am mainly having trouble with line where the row of the checkbox column is attempting to switch the table logic to TRUE in order to check the box.
% table data and scanned barcode variables
UITABLE4DATA = app.UITable4.Data;
barcodescanned = app.Out2.Value;
% finds row index of the matching barcode
rowindex = strcmpi(UITABLE4DATA(:,4), barcodescanned);
% updates column 1 with the checkboxes to check the associated drug off
UITABLE4DATA(rowindex,1) = {1} ; % <- having trouble here bc logic to checkbox
% updates the table itself
app.UITable4.Data = UITABLE4DATA;