smoothing 2D scattered points

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Hi Friends,
Is there anyway to smooth 2D scattered points?
I drew my question in this picture:
on the left we have an scattered path of points, but, rationally one can think of a smoothed representing set of points (black dots) in the right picture.
Thank you very much.

Accepted Answer

Image Analyst
Image Analyst on 9 Feb 2021
Yes. You can use something like spline or sgolayfilt() to smooth both the x and y coordinates independently. See attached demo. Here is the main part:
% Now smooth with a Savitzky-Golay sliding polynomial filter
windowWidth = 45
polynomialOrder = 2
smoothX = sgolayfilt(x, polynomialOrder, windowWidth);
smoothY = sgolayfilt(y, polynomialOrder, windowWidth);
Attach your x and y data if you can't figure it out from the well commented demo code.
  4 Comments
Alireza Ahani
Alireza Ahani on 9 Feb 2021
Thank you very much,
But I don't have the pre-knowledge about this place (y==363) or any other turning points.
Alireza Ahani
Alireza Ahani on 9 Feb 2021
oh, I saw the "bwskel" you mention, that is so much interesting,
Highly likely it is the solution for this problem.
Thank you very much @Image Analyst . God bless.

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More Answers (2)

Craig Stewart
Craig Stewart on 3 Apr 2022
One approach would be to do a sequential search on neighboring points, averaging these - demo code below. This could be extended to also limit maximum point-to-point step size
function [xs,ys] = points2line %(x,y,catchmentRad)
doplot = true;
x = [-35.2257 -24.2666 -24.2666 -15.9168 -14.3512 -11.22 -7.0451 -7.0451 -6.0014 6.0014 8.6107 12.7856 21.6573 22.701 30.5289 38.3568 46.1848 47.7504 47.7504 46.7066 43.0536 39.4006 39.4006 39.4006 39.4006 38.8787 33.6601 35.2257 35.2257 24.2666 31.0508 34.1819 35.2257 38.3568 36.2694 35.7475 34.1819 32.0945 32.0945 32.6164 33.6601 32.6164 32.6164 32.6164 35.2257 48.2722 51.9252 58.1876 74.8872 74.8872 76.4528 78.0183 79.5839 82.1932 83.237 85.8463 85.8463 86.3681 86.3681 82.1932 77.4965 75.9309 75.9309 63.9281 63.9281 55.5783 55.5783 55.5783 44.0973 44.0973 33.1382 33.1382 30.5289 25.8322 25.3103 21.6573 19.048 19.048 14.8731 11.22 2.8702 2.8702 0.7828 0.7828 0.7828 -4.9577 -6.5233 -7.0451 -10.1763 -14.3512 -14.3512 -18.0042 -24.2666 -24.2666 -28.4415 -28.4415 -47.2285 -47.7504 -53.4908 -58.1876 -58.7094 -62.8843 -64.9718 -65.4937 -64.4499 -64.4499 -64.4499 -64.4499 -64.9718 -65.4937 -63.4062 -63.4062 -59.7532 -59.7532 -61.3188 -60.275 -60.7969 -62.3625 -63.9281 -63.9281 -63.9281 -69.1467 -70.1904 -70.1904 -70.7123 -70.7123 -73.3216 -75.409 -76.4528 -76.4528 -83.7588 -83.7588 -81.6714 -81.6714 -81.6714 -81.1495 -82.1932 -82.1932 -82.1932 -82.1932 -63.9281 -64.9718 -64.4499 -63.9281 -62.8843 -62.8843 -61.8406 -61.8406 34.1819 37.3131 38.3568 33.6601 33.6601 34.7038 33.1382 33.1382 33.1382 33.1382 33.1382 34.7038 34.7038 32.6164 32.6164 35.7475 35.7475 36.2694 38.8787 39.4006 39.9224 39.9224 39.9224 39.9224];
y = [-647.8209 -651.4739 -651.4739 -651.4739 -650.952 -650.4302 -652.5176 -652.5176 -653.5614 -654.0832 -651.9958 -649.9083 -650.952 -651.9958 -653.0395 -651.9958 -651.4739 -650.4302 -649.9083 -645.7334 -639.4711 -630.0776 -627.9901 -623.8152 -623.2934 -622.2496 -606.5938 -599.8096 -599.8096 -581.5444 -575.2821 -570.5853 -567.976 -560.1481 -552.3202 -551.2764 -548.1453 -541.3611 -540.8392 -538.7518 -528.8364 -517.3554 -516.8336 -514.2243 -502.2214 -503.787 -503.787 -502.2214 -496.481 -496.481 -487.0874 -486.0437 -480.8251 -475.0846 -472.9972 -462.0381 -461.5162 -452.6446 -452.1227 -444.8166 -432.292 -429.6827 -429.6827 -415.0705 -415.0705 -406.1989 -406.1989 -406.1989 -396.2835 -396.2835 -392.6305 -392.6305 -395.2398 -396.2835 -396.8054 -399.4147 -402.5458 -402.5458 -405.677 -407.2426 -406.1989 -406.1989 -407.7645 -407.7645 -407.7645 -414.0268 -414.0268 -414.0268 -414.0268 -416.1142 -416.1142 -416.1142 -419.2454 -419.2454 -420.811 -420.811 -426.5515 -426.5515 -432.8138 -436.4669 -436.9887 -442.2073 -453.1664 -454.2102 -457.8632 -457.8632 -462.5599 -462.5599 -464.6474 -468.8223 -477.1721 -477.1721 -482.3907 -482.3907 -498.5684 -499.6121 -514.2243 -518.3992 -523.0959 -524.1396 -528.3145 -539.7955 -541.8829 -542.9267 -548.6671 -550.2327 -555.9732 -557.5388 -563.8011 -564.8449 -572.6728 -574.2384 -583.6319 -591.4598 -595.1128 -599.2877 -605.0282 -608.1594 -609.725 -610.7687 -531.4457 -526.7489 -523.0959 -518.3992 -515.268 -511.0931 -503.787 -502.2214 -537.1862 -546.0578 -550.2327 -559.1044 -560.1481 -561.1918 -566.4104 -573.7165 -573.7165 -573.7165 -582.0663 -586.763 -589.8942 -597.2003 -597.7221 -604.5063 -605.0282 -605.0282 -610.7687 -612.3343 -620.1622 -621.2059 -621.2059 -621.2059];
catchmentRad = 15;
if doplot
figure
plot(x,y,'k.','MarkerSize',20)
hold on
end
% Trace the outline by finding next closest point (in chunks)
xy = x + 1i*y;
ii = 1;
jj = 0;
used = false(size(xy));
while any(~used)
jj = jj + 1;
d = abs(xy-xy(ii));
inrange = d <= catchmentRad & ~used; %
XY(jj) = mean(xy(inrange)); %#ok<AGROW>
used(inrange) = true;
if doplot
if jj == 1
h1 = plot(x(inrange),y(inrange),'g.','MarkerSize',10,'DisplayName','In range');
h2 = plot(x(ii),y(ii),'r.','MarkerSize',20,'DisplayName','Point');
h3 = plot(real(XY(jj)),imag(XY(jj)),'b.','MarkerSize',20,'DisplayName','Mean');
else
set(h1,'XData',x(inrange),'YData',y(inrange))
set(h2,'XData',x(ii),'YData',y(ii))
set(h3,'XData',real(XY(jj)),'YData',imag(XY(jj)))
end
pause(0.05)
end
% find next closest point
[~,ii] = min(abs((xy+1e6*double(used)-xy(ii))));
end
X = real(XY);
Y = imag(XY);
% Interpolate to smooth
D = cumsum([0, abs(diff(XY))]);
d = linspace(0,max(D),1000);
xs = interp1(D,X,d,'spline');
ys = interp1(D,Y,d,'spline');
if doplot
delete([h1 h2 h3])
%plot(X,Y,'g.','MarkerSize',2)
plot(xs,ys,'b','LineWidth',2)
end
  2 Comments
Alessio Cislaghi
Alessio Cislaghi on 26 Jan 2023
Dear Craig, your script is very useful. Is the methodology explained in a document? What is catchmentRad?
Image Analyst
Image Analyst on 26 Jan 2023
It's the "catchment radius", or in plain English the maximum distance away that another point is allowed to be and still be considered part of the same line. If it's farther away than that, it's considered too far away to be the next point.

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KSSV
KSSV on 9 Feb 2021
Read about polyfit.
  1 Comment
Alireza Ahani
Alireza Ahani on 9 Feb 2021
Hi,
an injective function can not be fitted into this type of data (X1--->Y1 && X1--->Y2).
smoothing seems to be the only remedy.

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