Simulate 1 hour SOC of the Generic Model Simscape Electrical Battery in 1 second

I modeled a renewables microgrid with the generic simulink battery as a source, the system is modeled with a 1e-4 sample time and hourly load profile on a 1 second time interval.

What do I have to do to make the battery block SOC behave as if 1 second of the simulation time is 1 hour? So that it follows and matches the load profile where 1 second of simulation time is the hourly load.

Answer 1

[Javier Gazzarri]

Hello Haad,

In this case I would convert all units in all block parameters to hours instead of seconds. Depending on the case, it will be a multiplication or division by 3600. When you simulate the model, Simulink is going to interpret a unit time step as one hour as long as you are consistent in the choice of parameter units. The only non-SI unit I am seeing is the cell capacity, which is already in Ah, so you have to divide the capacity by 3600 as I had indicated above.

With these two modifications I believe you will be good to go.

Please let me know how it goes.

Javier

[Haad Yousaf]

Dear Javier,

I wanted to clarify two thing regarding this;

By 'units' and 'block parameters' what were you referring to?

1. Did you only mean the Battery Block and Fuel cell block? i.e V-I power source blocks which have input capacity units with respect to time.
2. I would not need to scale the output voltages, output currents, which are further used in DC converter and energy management calculations, is that correct? Since the inputs would already be scaled.

Thank you very much

[Javier Gazzarri]

Correct - every parameter that has "time" on it should be scaled so that time is in hours. For example, a relaxation time which we typically set in seconds, should be set in hours.

You don't need to scale inputs or outputs. However please bear in mind that the integral of a power will be given in Wh as opposed to Joules, for example if you want to keep track of energy usage, because the unit of time is hours.

Javier

[Haad Yousaf]

Yes that makes sense.

Thank you for all your help!

Answer 2

[Javier Gazzarri]

Hello Haad,

I am not sure I understand the 1sec = 1hour statement.

The battery capacity in the block is entered in Ah, so you need to discharge it for 1h at 1C rate to fully discharge it, irrespective of the model sampling rate. Simulink works in seconds by defult, so you can also replace the load input signal by scaling the time vector x 3600, but I am not 100% certain that this is what you are asking.

As a side note, please consider increasing the solver step size to make the simulation run faster if your system does not require the 1e-4sec for anything else. Typically for a battery simulation 0.1sec is OK.

Best regards,

Javier

[Haad Yousaf]

Hello Javier,

Thank you for your response.

I am modeling a Microgrid with renewable energy sources, one of which is a 200kWh battery. My hourly load profile is a signal builder which emulates a 1 hour load change at every 1 second simulation time as follows;

0s to 1s simulation time = 0:00 to 1:00am hourly load profile

1s to 2s simulation time = 1:00 to 2:00am hourly load profile etc

I am required to use 1e-4s sample time due to the presence of DC to DC converters and DC to AC inverter.

As you can see in the scope results below, where I have marked 24 hours of load profile (P_load) simulated (1 second simulation time being the change in hourly load), the Battery SOC decreases according to the simulation time which is 1 second, making a 24 hour load profile period discharging the battery by less than 0.5%.

That is why I wanted the battery to behave as if 1 second of simulation time is 1 hour, so that its SOC drops and matches the emulated load profile.

Answer 3

[Javier Gazzarri]

Hello Haad,

I see two options:

1- You can scale everything that is linear so that 1sec simulation = 1h real time. For the battery SOC, for example, you divide the capacity by 3600. The problem with this approach is that I am not certain that you'll be able to obtain good results for things like temperature increase.

2- Use your load profile as input by configuring Simulink as in the attached example. Please see what I did in Configuration Parameters -> Data Import/Export -> Input.

Javier

[Haad Yousaf]

As I am designing a basic energy management system, the only results I am concerned with are the battery SOC, current and voltage. The signal builder/editor provides the load profile.

I have attached my model and would greatly appreciate if you took a glance at it as it may help you understand the dynamics of my system.

In my attached model, it would be easier if I applied your first option and scaled the battery Ah capacity by dividing it by 3600. My question is if it would provide good results for the SOC i.e 1sec simulation = 1h real time SOC behaviour? And what other things would need to be scaled by dividing by 3600?

Again, I am very thankful for your time and help

[Irvan Risdi]

Hi did you manage to make it? because I have the same problem thank you

Answer 4

[Dennis Kachila]

Hello, I had a similar problem.

Initially, my battery subsystem was designed to meet the real physical requirements: a 2P4S pack at 14.8 V, 10 Ah, capable of charge/discharge cycles over about 8 hours of operation. These requirements were satisfied correctly in the model.

The challenge arose when I attempted to integrate the battery model with the DC–DC converter subsystems (DAB/TAB). Converters typically operate on a time scale of seconds or even milliseconds, while the battery dynamics unfold over hours. Running the full model at a stop time of ~25,000 seconds was impractical and incompatible with the fast-switching dynamics of the converter.

To resolve this mismatch, I researched similar simulation issues faced by others. The common solution—also adopted in my design—was to scale the battery capacity parameter (Ah) downward, rather than scaling currents. By reducing the effective capacity in the Simscape battery block, the state of charge (SOC) dynamics were compressed into a few seconds of simulation time while leaving terminal voltage and currents at realistic levels.

Additionally, instead of using Simscape’s dedicated SOC Estimator (Coulomb Counting) and Battery CC–CV charging block, I opted for a simpler switching/relay-based control to drive charge and discharge scenarios. This kept the model lightweight while still reflecting realistic current and voltage behavior.

Two versions of the Simulink subsystem were developed for validation please see the attached model pcitures:

• Original model with a stop time of 25,000 s, showing realistic long-term behavior.

• Scaled model with a stop time of only 5 s, suitable for integration with the DC–DC converter simulation.

The 5-second scaled model proved effective, allowing the battery to interact naturally with the fast converter dynamics, while maintaining correct voltage and current waveforms. I had instead of using the inital 10A*hr capacity I used 10/3600 A*hr, thats the only thing I changed for parameters, apart from simplifying the model. as shown in the picture.

I hope it helps.