formula of energy model used for transmitting data from gateway to base station........

I located fixed gateway and base station . Here data is transmitted from cluster heads to nearest gateway using LEACH energy model.........but i can't know that which energy model is used to transmit data from further gateways to base station..................plz reply me as soon .

Answer 1

[Walter Roberson]

wsn use omnidirectional antennae. The received signal decreases with the square of the distance, because the signal is spreading out over the surface of a sphere and the surface area of a sphere is 4 * Pi * r^2. So to send a signal K times as far requires K^2 times as much energy.

If you were using equipment that could focus the beam towards the destination, then the equations would be different.

[kiranpreet kaur]

sir plz tell me the energy equation used for transfeering data from gateway to base station

[Walter Roberson]

LEACH is about selecting where you transmit to. You could probably do some modeling of distances based upon various random distributions of nodes and obstacles, but nothing about LEACH affects the energy required to transmit a given distance.

For models of transmission energy requirements, see for example http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7682/1/callemariag072606.pdf

[kiranpreet kaur]

sir i simply want to ask can we use simple LEACH energy transmision and recieving equations same for calculating energy from gateway nodes to the base station

[Walter Roberson]

No. Those are two different topics.

LEACH is like selecting which highways you will take to drive to somewhere. You might be able to select the shortest route. But knowing the shortest route does not tell you anything about the energy efficiency of your car, which is complicated to work out and requires a lot of testing to measure properly.

Here is what you do know:

• You can start by assuming that all of the nodes have identical equipment: this will not be completely true in the real world, but for this purpose it is "good enough" an approximation. This saves you from having to worry about choosing your routings based upon how internally efficient a node is, which probably is not really known
• Noise and multipath interference and congestion can lower the effective transfer rate between any two nodes, so signal path length should not be the only consideration for choosing which route to take. Some protocols take this into account when choosing routes; LEACH does not appear to do so.
• Given two signal paths PL (longer) and PS (shorter) in which there is no noise, and in which there is no absorption, and in which any signal bounces are perfect, and the mediums being transmitted through are the same, and the receiving antennae are equally sensitive; and supposing omnidirectional antennae; then the ratio of radio energy required is (PL/PS)^2. This is due to signal spreading out over the surface of a sphere
• In real life, noise effects increase with distance traveled. In real life, there is absorption that is non-linear. In real life, signal bounces are not perfect. In real life, the media being transmitted through is not all the same, including for reasons such as temperature variations, and including because there are media that are more efficient to transmit through than air. In real life, receiving antennae are not all equally sensitive. Therefore, in real life, radio energy requirements are not simply inversely proportional to the square of the path length. Some protocols take this into account when choosing routes; LEACH does not appear to do so.
• Radio energy is only one of the components needed to calculate energy requirements of a node for transmission.

[kiranpreet kaur]

sir i agree with ur statement that both are different in my project i give 4J energy to gateways and through gateway i have to transmit data to the base station...........already i made clusters using LEACH protocol.......and these CH transmits its data to the near by gateway nodes but i can't able to understand while transmitting data from gateways to the base station, how energy is calculated?.........sir plz help me

[Walter Roberson]

I have already posted a link to a thesis that discusses modelling energy consumption for wireless nodes. You need to study that material to calculate energy consumption.

The amount of energy that is consumed is not going to depend upon the fact that you used LEACH. The amount of energy that is consumed is, for the purpose of your model, going to depend upon some inherent properties of the device together with the square of the distance between the transmitting system and the receiving system. However, just knowing the distance is not enough to figure out how much energy a system is consuming.

If you get really really stuck, assign an arbitrary amount of energy per bit and multiply it by the square of the distance and the number of bits to get an estimate of the "units" of energy consumed. It will not be a good estimate, but it might be good enough for you to be able to proceed in your studies.