what is wrong with this code?should i add instruction to declare X?

                                                                                                function X = sudoku(X) 
% SUDOKU  Solve Sudoku using recursive backtracking. 
%   sudoku(X), expects a 9-by-9 array X. 
 % Fill in all “singletons”. 
 % C is a cell array of candidate vectors for each cell. 
 % s is the first cell, if any, with one candidate. 
 % e is the first cell, if any, with no candidates. 
 [C,s,e] = candidates(X); 
 while ~isempty(s) && isempty(e) 
    X(s) = C{s}; 
    [C,s,e] = candidates(X); 
 end 
 % Return for impossible puzzles. 
 if ~isempty(e) 
    return 
 end 
 % Recursive backtracking. 
 if any(X(:) == 0) 
    Y = X; 
    z = find(X(:) == 0,1);    % The first unfilled cell. 
    for r = [C{z}]            % Iterate over candidates. 
       X = Y; 
       X(z) = r;              % Insert a tentative value. 
       X = sudoku(X);         % Recursive call. 
       if all(X(:) > 0)       % Found a solution. 
          return 
       end 
     end 
   end 
                                                                                                                           % ------------------------------ 
   function [C,s,e] = candidates(X) 
      C = cell(9,9); 
      tri = @(k) 3*ceil(k/3-1) + (1:3); 
      for j = 1:9 
         for i = 1:9 
            if X(i,j)==0 
               z = 1:9; 
               z(nonzeros(X(i,:))) = 0; 
               z(nonzeros(X(:,j))) = 0; 
               z(nonzeros(X(tri(i),tri(j)))) = 0; 
               C{i,j} = nonzeros(z)’; 
            end 
         end 
      end 
 L = cellfun(@length,C);   % Number of candidates. 
 s = find(X==0 & L==1,1); 
 e = find(X==0 & L==0,1); 
 end % candidates 
end % sudoku

[Walter Roberson]

What error are you observing? What data are you testing the routine with?

[lotus]

when i run this code it said that Input argument "X" is undefined.

                                                                                           Error in ==> sudoku at 10
[C,s,e] = candidates(X);

[lotus]

how to fix this error?

Answer 1

[the cyclist]

It looks like you should be calling that function with the syntax

>> sudoku(X)

where X is a 9x9 array (which presumably represents the sudoku puzzle layout).

Is that what you are doing?

[lotus]

yes.that's what i am doing.i don't understand what you mean i have call the function with the syntax.can you explain more?

[lotus]

i got what you mean.but when i call the function with the syntax it said that Undefined function or variable 'X'.can you tell me how to fix it?

[Walter Roberson]

Assign a 9 x 9 matrix of initial values to a variable, such as Puzzle1. Then at the command line,

sodoku(Puzzle1)

[lotus]

i got it..thank you for all the helps.