I don't get very well what you are asking for. You need to color t between 1 and 5 AND e between 1 and 5 in black, otherwise t between 5 (included) and 50 AND e between 5 (included) and 50 in red. With you code, I get this:
What is it wrong according to your needs?
Do you need something like this?
t= (50)*rand(50,1);
e= (50)*rand(50,1);
figure
hold on
plot(t,e,'og')
for ii = 1:50
if (t(ii)>=1 && t(ii)< 5) && (e(ii)>=1 && e(ii)< 5)
plot(t(ii),e(ii),'.k','MarkerFaceColor','k')
elseif (t(ii)>=5 && t(ii)<= 50) && (e(ii)>=5 && e(ii)<= 50)
plot(t(ii),e(ii),'.r','MarkerFaceColor','r')
end
end
this is the output (just one point respects the first condition and it is black).